Corporate net-zero commitments have become the dominant framework for private-sector climate action, yet the proliferation of targets, methodologies,...
Diagnosing how the sovereign ceiling functions as a simplifying shortcut that can obscure meaningful differences across borrowers, and proposing an alternative credit rating approach based on disaggregating sovereign risk into specific transmission channels.
Designing strategies that integrate sustainability, equity, and long-term economic resilience
Why It Matters
Traditional development plans often lack cross-sectoral, and institutional coordination, leaving strong visions unimplemented.
As a result, fragmented financing initiatives by governments, philanthropies, and the private sector lead to misalignment for systemic impact.
Our Approach
We begin by understanding national and regional priorities, as well as political-economy realities, and work alongside governments over time to establish iterative planning cycles.
By promoting long-term strategies such as industrial policy and sectoral roadmaps, and by building intra-governmental coordination for whole-of-government planning, we help ensure coherent policies that align public, private, and philanthropic capital. We then co-create tools and diagnostics that draw on our team’s unique combination of legal, economic, land-use, nature, and climate expertise. Financing strategies are integrated early, ensuring plans are grounded in costed investment pathways that balance public responsibilities with opportunities for blended and private investment.
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Briefing note
Case studies
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FDI Perspectives
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Report
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Central America, South America & Caribbean
Central Asia
Europe
Middle East & North Africa
North America
Oceania
South and East Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
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Koji Sasaki
Alexandra Guisinger
Lu Wang
Armand de Mestral
Catherine Kessedjian
Kenneth P. Thomas
Ralph Alexander Lorz
Birgit Meyer
Julian Donaubauer
Kimmo Sinivuori
Stephen M. Schwebel
Gus Van Harten
Dylan G. Rassier
Ralf Krüger
Gary McMahon
Peter Robinson
Louis Brennan
Charles-Emmanuel Côté
Anna Joubin-Bret
Joachim Karl
David Kienzler
Srividya Jandhyala
Miguel Torres Preto
Jose Guimon
Katherine Lama
Mevelyn Ong
Robbie Schwieder
Tarcisio Gazzini
Joseph (Yusuf) Saei
Claire Debucquois
David Collins
Vasiliki Mavroeidi
Ilan Strauss
Rory Macmillan
Jason Blechman
Richard Keck
Ashraf Ali Mahate
Terutomo Ozawa
Michele Potestà
Nigel Driffield
David Bailey
Jing Li
Victor Steenbergen
Lilac Nachum
Catharine Titi
James Otto
Mélida Hodgson
Sheng Zhang
John Bush
Sherry Stephenson
Stephen Kobrin
Gary Hufbauer
Olle Östensson
Rudolf Adlung
Pedro Villegas
Alpa Shah
Fabrizio Di Benedetto
Frank Bickenbach
Kenneth J. Vandevelde
Wan-Hsin Liu
Rainer Geiger
Guillaume Beaumier
Nathan M. Jensen
Jeremy Caddel
Merim Razbaeva
Luis M. Almeida
James Nicholson
Makane Moïse Mbengue
Juan David Rodriguez-Rios
Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez
Michael J. Enright
Rafael Tamayo-Álvarez
Eunsuk Hong
Clara Roorda
Shige Makino
Anna De Luca
Hyeock Lee
Alisha Anderson
Maryla Maliszewska
Josaphat Kweka
Steven Globerman
Lauge N. Skovgaard Poulsen
Carlos A. Primo Braga
Inés Pérez Arroyo
Maggie Cascadden
Zayra Romo
Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee
Eric Werker
Sophie Nappert
Herfried Wöss
Reji K. Joseph
Madison Condon
Khyati Thakkar
Matthew Hodgson
Pedro de Faria
Jorge Salem
Laza Kekic
Wolfgang Sofka
Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra
Robert Milbourne
Sarah Brewin
Marie Bouchard
Kathryn Gordon
Marian G. Ingrams
Blerina Xheraj
Gustavo Rojas de Cerqueira César
Robert Basedow
Moataz Hussein
Kennedy O. Opalo
Felipe Hees
Gözde Isik
Anne van Aaken
Gordon Clark
Henry Loewendahl
Peter Nunnenkamp
Eric Neumayer
Isabel Munilla
Gavin Hayman
Jennifer Loutit
Daniel Allman
Ravi Ramamurti
Jared Talkin
Geraldo Vidigal
Tidiane Kinda
Nahom Ghebrihiwet
Wenhua Shan
Delphine Nougayrède
Maria Borga
Gabriel Bottini
Umirdinov Alisher
Richard Braddock
Anthea Roberts
Cristián Rodríguez Chiffelle
Rodrigo Monardes Vignolo
Lee C. Bollinger
Ping Lv
Marti Flacks
Francesca Spigarelli
Thomas Jost
Andrew D. Mitchell
Soledad Mills
Tania Voon
Güneş Ünüvar
Isabelle Ramdoo
Lukas Linsi
Frank J. Garcia
Marion A. Creach
Thor Petersen
Jane Kelsey
Fabio Morosini
Yun Zheng
Marie Poirot
Jeremy Perelman
Ana Arias Urones
Adrien Le Louarn
Tulika Bansal
Miguel Pérez Ludeña
Saurabh Garg
Mateusz Kasprowicz
Malan Rietveld
Michail Karoglou
Xavier M. Forneris
Jun Xia
Orlando F. Cabrera C.
Paulo Cavallo
Ritwika Sen
Wolfgang Alschner
Ricardo Figueiredo de Oliveira
Carolina Arriagada Peters
Pavel Trunin
Akihiko Tamura
Richard Ouellet
Silvia Karina Fiezzoni
Matteo Vaccaro-Incisa
Gillian Davidson
Roel Nieuwenkamp
Casper Sonesson
Khalil Hamdani
Pierre Farcot
David Chriki
Noémie Lisbonis-Boyer
Antje Kunst
Jan Anton van Zanten
David Uzsoki
Rob van Tulder
Morten Siersted
Shaun Mann
David Manley
Scott Wayne
Willison Mutagwaba
David Laborde
John Keyser
Olivier Hartmann
Alina Antoci
Stephen E. Shay
Guillermo Arenas
Carmine Soprano
Bede Lyimo
Barak Hoffman
James Harrison
Robert Kirk
Bernali Choudhury
Jordon Kuschminder
Emma Aisbett
H.E. María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés
Benjamin Boakye
Dani Rodrik
Theodore H. Moran
Kavaljit Singh
Carlos Correa
Meg Kinnear
Jan Knoerich
David R. Boyd
Ana Teresa Tavares-Lehmann
Luc Bonnafous
Wouter P.F. Schmit Jongbloed
Upmanu Lall
Yash Amonkar
Salli Anne Swartz
Evi Neophytou
Joseph M. Wilde-Ramsing
Pedro Barreto da Rocha Paranhos
Pedro Mendonça Cavalcante
Henrique Choer Moraes
Linda Moon
Robert W. Schwieder
Victor Z. Chen
Geraldine McAllister
Jose Ramon Perea
Oleksandr Volkov
Andreas Tornaritis
Sritha Reddy
Alexandra Sdoukou
Mark Feldman
Jacqueline Mandelbaum
Carlos Esplugues
Joachim Pohl
Andrei Panibratov
Tomoko Ishikawa
Ahmad Ghouri
Stephan W. Schill
Andrew Kerner
Danielle Nogueira
Qianwen Zhang
Clarence Kwan
Adam Douglas
James Rising
Lauren Gluzman
Maria Celia Poblador
Hailey Phillips
Kirrin Hough
Matías Sacco
Shameera Khalid Angullia
Estela Riveros
Rosanna Carver
Diana Valdéz Barboza
Samuel Malin
Martín Oviedo Pascottini
Lauren Barredo
Cecilia Llamosas
Victorio Oxilia
Eniko Horvath
Daniel Ríos Festner
Laura Waldman
Yuezi Wu
Yinbo Hu
Christen Dobson
Vijay Modi
Ryan Ballard
James Spalding
Mzamose Gondwe
Laure Dupain
Charles F. A. Akayuli
Annette Magnusson
Kathryn Sturman
Anja Ipp
Carolina Menezes Cwajg
Kinda Mohamadieh
Kojo Busia
Karan Bhuwalka
Yong Liang
William Sommer
Carlo de Stefano
Javiera Iribarren
Beatrice Troiano
Guido Arenas
Zbigniew Zimny
Francisco Klima
Nikos Lavranos
Mauro Valdés
Rishi Gulati
Margaret Sagan
Michelle R. Sanchez-Badin
Andrew Bauer
Nicolás M. Perrone
Lola Aganga
Nathaniel Hoffman
Saleem H. Ali
Veronica Nyhan Jones
Namrata Thapar
Kelly Dudine
Emily Spittle
Clémence Boullanger
Suzy Nikièma
Nathalie Bernasconi-Osterwalder
John P. Gaffney
Amit Halevi
George A. Bermann
Gabriela Rubio-Domingo
Maria Laura Marceddu
Jiarui Chen
Jonathan Hobbs
Callum Thomas
Robert K. Perrons
David Mihalyi
Marie Miller
Alicia Inés Caballero
Patrick R.P. Heller
Irmak Ince
Julien Chaisse
Thomas Schorr
Kristin Mendoza
Marta Soprana
Shayan Banerjee
Michael Chiswick-Patterson
Evan Gabor
Logan Hinderliter
Jürgen Kurtz
Cody Aceveda
Markus Leibrecht
Matthew Stephenson
Rodrigo Polanco Lazo
Mara Greenberg
Susan D. Franck
Aaron Cosbey
Ricardo Soares de Oliveira
William Megginson
Kate Gannon
Veljko Fotak
Bethany Saul
Subrata Bhattacharjee
Manon Aubry
Diana McGinley
Carlos Razo
James Bond
Amanda Addison
Michael Mortimore
Johnny West
Ashley Starr Kinseth
Octavio de Barros
Iain Steel
Carin Smaller
Heather Eisenlord
Luis Afonso Lima
Lauren Waugh
Charles Kovacs
Max Linsen
Emily Bugden
Luke Eric Peterson
Liesbeth Casier
Andrea M. Bassi
José Luis Gallardo Torres
Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Susan Sell
Esteban F.Fresno Rodríguez
Lily McRae
Santiago Peña
Song Hong
Chloe Zhou
Kevin P. Gallagher
Frank Garcia
Mario Osorio
Armand de Mestral C.M.
Alvaro Santos
Premila Nazareth Satyanand
Lori Wallach
David N. Fagan
José Antonio Ocampo
Pierre Habbard
Daniel Rangel
Mark E. Plotkin
Sharan Burrow
Kanika Gupta
Edmund J. Malesky
Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky
Michelle Chan
Christian Bellak
Phil Bloomer
Ana Toimil
Alexandre de Gramont
Brian Harley
Lena Raxter
Jason Webb Yackee
Ayesha Chatterjee
Jaya Prakash Pradhan
Robin Marie Kelly
Frédéric G. Sourgens
Herbert M’cleod
John Hauert
Jessica Hennings
Hans Smit
Jean Boddewyn
Lucas Moreira Jimenez
Wolfgang A. Maschek
Sudhanshu Roy
Michael D. Nolan
Adeet Dobhal
Vishwas P. Govitrikar
Glen Ireland
Padma Mallampally
Adrien Rose
Harry G. Broadman
Julien Topal
Thomas Gourdon
Giorgio Sacerdoti
Nicolas Pickard Garcia
Nilgün Gökgür
Romain Poivet
Miles Killingsworth
Shawn Pelsinger
Lucas Clover Alcolea
Daniel M. Firger
Huiping Chen
Anna-Sophie Kloppe
Nicolás Marcelo Perrone
Shefa Siegel
Joel Negin
Achyuth Anil
Gert Bruche
Felton Johnston
Mariano Gomezperalta
Mary Wang
Kabir Duggal
Justin Cuddihey
Hermann Ferré
Matthew C. Porterfield
Tyler Alviano
Roger Smeets
Elizabeth Fox
Jessica Fanzo
Qiaozi Guanglin
Arjen Slangen
Fanny Marie Everard
Jean-François Hennart
Elena Klonsky
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk
Sumanth Uppuluru
Joel H. Moser
Angeliki E Stougiannou
Manfred Schekulin
Akshay Malhotra
George Kahale, III
Ruihong Li
Daniel H. Rosen
Chhavi Maggu
Thilo Hanemann
Burulgul Sultanova
John Evans
Yannick Fiedler
Margo Thomas
Felix Martin Lockman
Beatriz Nofa
Ilmi Granoff
Nandita Dasgupta
Igor Zelezetskii
Francisco Sercovich
Waide Warner
Gabriela P. Vizcaíno
Mark Davis
Kamil Gérard Ahmed
Kirsten Hund
José E. Alvarez
Rhian-Mari Thomas OBE
Mark Kantor
Lucy Musonda
Ana-Maria Poveda Garcés
Nikiwe Msoni
Ken Davies
Elias Simbeye
Mira Wilkins
Dyless Mbewe
Tadahiro Asami
Jesinta Kunda
Seev Hirsch
Solomon Mwampikita
Alice H. Amsden
Husnawati
Todd Allee
Risdawati Ahmad
Clint Peinhardt
Imam Mas’ud
Xiaoying Huo
Didi Hardiana
Chen Zhao
Kisran Makati
Jonathan Strauss
Kiki Sriyanti
Kalman Kalotay
Iza Camarillo
Daniel Villar
Amaelle Seigneret
Persephone Economou
Rose Mosi
Paul Antony Barbour
Clarisse Marsac
Sophie Meunier
Sarah Dolton-Zborowski
Beata Javorcik
Harald Walkate
Torfinn Harding
Thomas Tayler
Martin Roy
Fiona Stewart
Matthias Busse
Agnieszka Smolenska
Sandy Walker
Megan Bowman
Elizabeth L. Broomfield
Peter Knaack
Jo En Low
Riona Bowhay
Aleh Cherp
Mark Manning
Ilan Alon
Shay Banerjee
John M. Kline
Ilana Solomon
Jennifer Reimer
Helen Ding
Jianping Zhang
Peter Veit
Jarrod Wong
Charles Young
Shaun E. Donnelly
Rob Pitman
Alexander Böhmer
Anders Pedersen
Anthony O’Sullivan
Wissem Heni
Ruben Zandvliet
Wendy Hapgood
Vid Prislan
Albert Bressand
Xiaofang Shen
James Morrissey
Marc Jacob
Romany Webb
Abdoul’ Ganiou Mijiyawa
Alejandra Cicero
Robert Salomon
Stephen Brooks
Francisco García
Abhijit Sharan
Byungchae Jin
Sandeep Dixit
Jonathan (Josh) S. Kallmer
Liam Kelley-St. Clair
Anastasiya Ugale
Sarah Cruz
Baiju S. Vasani
Justine Sylvester
Marcos Orellana
Kelly D. Ward
Nicolle Graugnard
Horline Njike
Marino Baldi
Téodyl Nkuintchua
Nikia Clarke
Teresa Parejo
Janani Sarvanantham
Michael Burger
Xavier Carim
Michael Jarvis
Emanuel Xavier-Oliveira
Agustin Redonda
André Laplume
Raul Ochoa
Saurav Pathak
Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz
Paul M. Vaaler
Christian von Haldenwang
Barclay E. James
Simon J. Evenett
Federico Ortino
Andreas Freytag
Jeff Wood
Uri Dadush
Sam G. Russ
Axel Berger
Susan Maples
Lorenzo Cotula
Juan José Herrera
Jonathan Bonitcha
Jeffrey Davidson
Ayesha Audu
Matthew Genasci
Weijun Xie
Zorigt Dashdorj
Cynthia Sanborn
Nadra Rahman
Motoko Aizawa
Rumbidzai Maweni
Suzanne Greene
Paolo Natali
Jeff Geipel
Nicola Woodroffe
Heather Marquette
Nathaniah Jacobs
Carolina Ocampo-Maya
Sophie Maria Thomashausen
Mark Robinson
Olena Pavlenko
Elisa Peter
Pallavi Roy
Kaisa Toroskainen
Moses Kulaba
Amir Shafaie
Erin Kitchell
Beverley Hatcher-Mbu
Maria Rocha
Brenda Akankunda
Dave Algoso
Soledad Gattoni
Florencia Guerzovich
Tarald Gulseth Berge
Rachael Knight
Thierry Berger
Chloe Field
Baihui Lei
Rohini Ram Mohan
Gyunbae Joe
Ingrid Zhou
Madeleine Songy
Ryan J. Lasnick
Aniket Shah
Francisco Javier Pardinas Favela
Alexandra A. K. Meise
Lara Wallis
Anna Dell’Amico
Leslie Hannay
Grace Brennan
Chris Albin-Lackey
Kimathi Muirur
Laura El-Katiri
Josefina Correa
Bryan Michael Sherrill
Efosa Uwaifo
Diana Marcela
Urvi Agarwal
Claudia P. Baethgen
Regan Plekenpol
Abrani Marrero
Erin O’Dwyer
Rico Rincoń
Gaelle Espinosa
Samory Toure
Isabella Massa
Lea Di Salvatore
Brooke Güven
Malcolm Rogge
Howard Mann
Nicolas Maennling
D.R. Nagaraj
Behzad Vaziri
Yunkai Liao
Huahua Chen
Snea Singh
Sean Gutierrez-Schieferl
John Biberman
Nathan Lobel
Tehtena Mebratu-Tsegaye
Jack Arnold
Solina Kennedy
Sam Szoke-Burke
Jesse Coleman
Ella Merrill
Harald Walkate
Fiona Stewart
Sunayana Sasmal
Theodoros Iliopoulos
Mithatcan Aydos
Kaitlin Y. Cordes
Anna Bulman
Heather Smith
Matthew Willis
Charlotte Bucke
Paul Huggins
Max Lulavy
Cynthia Hanawalt
Maria Diez Andres
Jane Smyth
Christina Bastin
Rob Furdak
Nora Mardirossian
Matt Goldklang
Rajat Panwar
Vivek Pandey
Mike Seigner
Lisa Sachs
Hansika Agrawal
Esther Akwii
Anjaly Ariyanayagam
Ben Baraga
Sebastian Barreto
Martin Dietrich Brauch
Ana Maria Camelo Vega
Paulo Cunha
Lara Fornabaio
Helena Fu
Laura Garcia Cancino
Aniruddha Jaydeokar
Hazel Le
Vishal (Vishy) Manve
Ladan Mehranvar
Sara Saloum
Nancy Siporin
Lisa Sweat
Perrine Toledano
Tucker Wilke
Bradford M. Willis
Jeffrey D. Sachs
Sheikh Khalid Bin Mustahail Al Mashani
Rabah Arezki
Joseph Bell
Joan Carling
Alexandre S. D’Ambrosio
Olivier De Schutter
Rohitesh Dhawan
Jonathan T. Fried
Kadir S. Gungor
Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler
Kerry Kennedy
Sheila Khama
Iris Krebber
Justin Yifu Lin
Maria Luiza de Oliveira Pinto e Paiva
Antonio M.A. Pedro
M Sornarajah
Abigail Abrash Walton
Louis T. Wells
James Zhan
Andrew Bernstein
Paul DeNoon
Ahmed Ihab Gamaleldin
Robert Ginsburg
Luke Hatton
Denise Hearn
Lise Johnson
Darius Nassiry
Mouhamadou Kane
Leila Kazemi
Allan Marks
Tom Mitro
Carlo Papa
Mauricio Rodas
Karl P. Sauvant
Jérôme Schmitt
Igor Zelezetskii
Robert van Zwieten
Ajay Jagdish
Celine Yan Wang
Muhamad Ababil Akram
Anar Amarjargal
Pulkit Bajpai
Manuel Beltrán
Chimi Dorji
Valentina Fontana
Danielle Fujimoto
Eve Kaplan-Walbrecht
Kailey Kimsa
Ananya Mathur
Lily McRae
Tina Nguyen
Shunta Ofusa
Ashwini Ramanathan
Natalia Duran Ramirez
Carlos Ivan Aguilar Rocha
Maria Cecilia Chacon Rendon
María Alejandra Salamanca
Manraaj Singh
Eszter Varga
Alexandra Westfall
Christy Wong
Peyton Choo
Helena Fu
Quentin Harel
Laura Huepenbecker
Xinyi Lian
Ashwini Ramanathan
