FDI Perspective No. 70: “FDI, catch-up growth stages and stage-focused strategies,” by Terutomo Ozawa.

For the initial stage of catch-up growth, the “FDI-led takeoff” is an expedient alternative to the traditional infant-industry protection approach. Higher stages call for more nuanced, national-interests-dictated strategies to enhance domestic knowledge capability. A stages perspective cannot be overemphasized.

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